in conclusion

Meanings

1. 1phrasefixed phrase

   Used to introduce the final point or summary of a speech, essay, or discussion.

   Grammar: Comes at the start of a sentence or clause, usually followed by a comma.

   Patterns

   • in conclusion, subject + verb

   In conclusion, the evidence strongly supports the need for stricter environmental laws.

   In conclusion, I would like to thank everyone who helped make this event possible.

   The report was well written, but in conclusion it lacked a clear recommendation.

2. 2phrasefixed phrase

   As a final result or outcome after everything has been considered.

   Grammar: Often used at the end of a clause, without a following comma.

   Patterns

   • say something in conclusion
   • state something in conclusion

   She said in conclusion that the project would need more time and money.

   He noted in conclusion that no further action was required.

Common combinations

in conclusion, ...

In conclusion, we must act now to avoid serious consequences.

say in conclusion

The judge said in conclusion that the evidence was insufficient.

state in conclusion

The author states in conclusion that further research is needed.

in conclusion of

In conclusion of his speech, he thanked his family.

Synonyms and how they differ

finally

More informal and common in everyday speech; 'in conclusion' is more formal and often used in writing.

to sum up

Used to give a brief summary, while 'in conclusion' often marks the very last point.

lastly

Introduces the last item in a list; 'in conclusion' introduces a final summary or judgment.

Commonly confused: in conclusion or inclusion?

Practice

Make it your own

Write a sentence using “in conclusion”, then check it and compare it with the examples above.

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