Word origins and meaning

The 8 parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives and more

A plain-language guide to the 8 parts of speech in English, with a clear definition and examples for each: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction and interjection.

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What is a noun?

A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. Teacher, city, chair, and honesty are all nouns. Most sentences need at least one noun to say what or who the sentence is about.

  • The teacher graded the essays overnight.
  • Honesty matters more than being liked.

What is a pronoun?

A pronoun stands in for a noun so a sentence doesn't have to repeat it. He, she, it, they, this, and who are all pronouns.

  • Maria finished her report, then she left early.

What is a verb?

A verb shows an action or a state of being. Run, decide, and become are verbs, and so is a simple word like is. Every complete sentence needs a verb.

  • She sprinted across the finish line.
  • The soup smells wonderful.

What is an adjective?

An adjective describes a noun or pronoun, usually answering which one, what kind, or how many. Blue, three, and curious are all adjectives.

  • A curious fox followed the three hikers.

What is an adverb?

An adverb describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, often answering how, when, where, or to what degree. Many, but not all, end in -ly, such as quickly, often, and very.

  • She spoke quietly but very confidently.

What is a preposition?

A preposition shows how a noun or pronoun relates to another word in the sentence, often about place, time, or direction. In, after, near, and without are prepositions.

  • The keys are under the mat near the door.

What is a conjunction?

A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses. And, but, or, and because are conjunctions.

  • I wanted to leave, but the meeting ran long.

What is an interjection?

An interjection expresses a short burst of emotion and usually stands apart from the rest of the sentence. Wow, ouch, and hey are interjections.

  • Wow, that sunset is incredible!

Frequently asked questions

What is a verb?

A word that shows an action or a state of being, such as run, decide, or is. Every complete sentence needs one.

What is an adjective?

A word that describes a noun or pronoun, such as blue, three, or curious.

What is an adverb?

A word that describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb, often answering how, when, where, or to what degree, such as quickly or very.

What is the difference between an adjective and an adverb?

An adjective describes a noun (a quiet room), while an adverb describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb (she spoke quietly).

How many parts of speech are there in English?

Most grammar references count eight: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.

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