Meaning & use
idem
A Latin term used in citations and footnotes to mean the same author or work as just mentioned.
See it in a sentence
The second footnote simply read idem, referring back to the source cited above.
Scholars once used idem repeatedly in a bibliography to avoid repeating a long title.
A note on using this word
Idem is largely replaced today by ibid or by simply repeating the author's name in most modern citation styles.
Words with a similar meaning
ibid
Choose a synonym to suit the sentence. Meanings can overlap without being identical.
Make it your own
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