Icelandic vocabulary

Icelandic vocabulary: 110 essential words for beginners

Icelandic is the national language of Iceland, spoken by about 350,000 people and known for preserving many features of Old Norse. This page introduces 110 essential Icelandic words grouped by topic, including greetings, numbers, family, weather and travel, each with a simple pronunciation guide and an example sentence to help beginners start speaking right away.

Greetings and polite phrases

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
Hallóhellohah-LOHHalló, ég heiti Anna.Hello, my name is Anna.
Góðan daginngood dayGOH-thahn DIE-inGóðan daginn, gaman að sjá þig.Good day, nice to see you.
TakkthanksTAHKTakk fyrir hjálpina.Thanks for the help.
Takk fyrirthank youTAHK FIR-irTakk fyrir kaffið.Thank you for the coffee.
JáyesYOWJá, ég skil.Yes, I understand.
NeinoNAYNei, takk.No, thank you.
Fyrirgefðuexcuse me / sorryFIR-ir-gehv-thuFyrirgefðu, hvar er klósettið?Excuse me, where is the bathroom?
BlessgoodbyeBLESSBless, sjáumst á morgun.Bye, see you tomorrow.
Sjáumstsee youSYOW-umstSjáumst seinna!See you later!
Gaman að kynnast þérnice to meet youGAH-man ath KIN-nast thyerGaman að kynnast þér, ég heiti Jón.Nice to meet you, my name is Jón.

Numbers

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
einnoneAYTNÉg á eitt epli.I have one apple.
tveirtwoTVAYRÉg á tvö epli.I have two apples.
þrírthreeTHREERÉg á þrjú epli.I have three apples.
fjórirfourFYOH-rirÉg á fjögur epli.I have four apples.
fimmfiveFIMÉg á fimm epli.I have five apples.
sexsixSEXÉg á sex epli.I have six apples.
sjösevenSHURÉg á sjö epli.I have seven apples.
áttaeightOWT-tahÉg á átta epli.I have eight apples.
níunineNEE-ooÉg á níu epli.I have nine apples.
tíutenTEE-ooÉg á tíu epli.I have ten apples.

Colors

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
rauðurredROY-thurÞetta er rauður bíll.This is a red car.
blárblueBLOWRHiminninn er blár.The sky is blue.
grænngreenGRAINNÞetta er grænn bíll.This is a green car.
guluryellowGU-lurÞetta er gulur bíll.This is a yellow car.
svarturblackSVAR-turKötturinn er svartur.The cat is black.
hvíturwhiteKVEE-turHundurinn er hvítur.The dog is white.
fjólublárpurpleFYOH-lu-blowrÞetta er fjólublár bíll.This is a purple car.
brúnnbrownBROONNHesturinn er brúnn.The horse is brown.

Family members

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
faðirfatherFAH-thirFaðir minn er læknir.My father is a doctor.
móðirmotherMOH-thirMóðir mín er kennari.My mother is a teacher.
bróðirbrotherBROH-thirBróðir minn er ungur.My brother is young.
systirsisterSIS-tirSystir mín er glöð.My sister is happy.
sonursonSOH-nurSonur minn er sex ára.My son is six years old.
dóttirdaughterDOHT-tirDóttir mín er fimm ára.My daughter is five years old.
afigrandfatherAH-viAfi minn býr á Íslandi.My grandfather lives in Iceland.
ammagrandmotherAHM-mahAmma mín eldar góðan mat.My grandmother cooks good food.
eiginmaðurhusbandAY-gin-mah-thurEiginmaður hennar er læknir.Her husband is a doctor.
eiginkonawifeAY-gin-koh-naEiginkona hans er kennari.His wife is a teacher.

Food and drink

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
brauðbreadBROYTHÉg borða brauð á morgnana.I eat bread in the mornings.
vatnwaterVAHT-nÉg drekk vatn á hverjum degi.I drink water every day.
mjólkmilkMYOHLKBarnið drekkur mjólk.The child drinks milk.
kafficoffeeKAHF-fiÉg drekk kaffi á morgnana.I drink coffee in the mornings.
fiskurfishFIS-kurVið borðum fisk í kvöld.We are eating fish tonight.
kjötmeatKYUHTHann borðar kjöt í hádeginu.He eats meat at lunch.
osturcheeseOS-turÞessi ostur er góður.This cheese is good.
epliappleEHP-liEplið er rautt.The apple is red.
súpasoupSOO-paSúpan er heit.The soup is hot.
sykursugarSI-kurÉg vil ekki sykur í kaffið.I don't want sugar in the coffee.

Travel

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
bíllcarBEETLÉg á rauðan bíl.I have a red car.
rútabusROO-taRútan fer klukkan átta.The bus leaves at eight o'clock.
hótelhotelHOH-telHótelið er í miðbænum.The hotel is in the city center.
vegabréfpassportVEH-ga-bryefÞetta er vegabréfið mitt.This is my passport.
kortmapKORTGetur þú sýnt mér kortið?Can you show me the map?
leigubílltaxiLAY-gu-beetlVið tókum leigubíl á flugvöllinn.We took a taxi to the airport.
miðiticketMITH-iÉg keypti miða í bíó.I bought a ticket to the cinema.
gatastreetGAH-taHúsið er á þessari götu.The house is on this street.
ferðataskasuitcaseFER-tha-tahs-kaFerðataskan mín er þung.My suitcase is heavy.
flugvöllurairportFLUG-vuhtl-urFlugvöllurinn er langt í burtu.The airport is far away.

Time and days

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
dagurdayDAH-gurÍ dag er fallegur dagur.Today is a beautiful day.
vikaweekVI-kaÞað eru sjö dagar í viku.There are seven days in a week.
mánuðurmonthMOW-nu-thurDesember er síðasti mánuður ársins.December is the last month of the year.
áryearOWRÞetta ár er gott.This year is good.
í dagtodayEE dahgÍ dag er sunnudagur.Today is Sunday.
á morguntomorrowOW MOR-gunÁ morgun förum við til Reykjavíkur.Tomorrow we are going to Reykjavik.
í gæryesterdayEE gyreÍ gær var kalt.Yesterday it was cold.
morgunnmorningMOR-gunnMorgunninn er kaldur.The morning is cold.
kvöldeveningKVUHLDKvöldið er rólegt.The evening is calm.
nóttnightNOHTNóttin er dimm.The night is dark.

Common verbs

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
að verato beath VEH-raÉg er glaður.I am happy.
að hafato haveath HAH-vaÉg hef tíma núna.I have time now.
að farato goath FAH-raÉg fer til vinnu.I go to work.
að borðato eatath BOR-thaÉg borða morgunmat.I eat breakfast.
að drekkato drinkath DREHK-kaÉg drekk te.I drink tea.
að talato speakath TAH-laÉg tala íslensku.I speak Icelandic.
að sjáto seeath SYOWÉg sé fjallið.I see the mountain.
að viljato wantath VIL-yaÉg vil kaffi.I want coffee.
að gerato doath GEH-raHvað ertu að gera?What are you doing?
að lesato readath LEH-saÉg les bók.I read a book.

Adjectives

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
stórbigSTOHRÞetta er stór bíll.This is a big car.
lítillsmallLEE-tidlÞetta er lítill hundur.This is a small dog.
fallegurbeautiful / handsomeFAHT-leh-gurHann er fallegur.He is handsome.
góðurgoodGOH-thurÞetta er góður matur.This is good food.
slæmurbadSLYE-murÞetta er slæmur dagur.This is a bad day.
heiturhotHAY-turDagurinn er heitur.The day is hot.
kaldurcoldKAHL-durVeturinn er kaldur.The winter is cold.
nýrnewNEERÞetta er nýr bíll.This is a new car.

Question words

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
hvaðwhatKVATHHvað er þetta?What is this?
hverwhoKVEHRHver ert þú?Who are you?
hvarwhereKVARHvar býrð þú?Where do you live?
hvenærwhenKVEH-nireHvenær kemur þú?When are you coming?
hvernighowKVER-nigHvernig hefur þú það?How are you?
af hverjuwhyahv KVER-yuAf hverju grætur barnið?Why is the child crying?

Weather and nature

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
veðurweatherVEH-thurVeðrið er gott í dag.The weather is good today.
sólsunSOHLSólin skín í dag.The sun is shining today.
rigningrainRIG-ningÞað er rigning úti.It is raining outside.
snjórsnowSNYOHRÞað er mikill snjór úti.There is a lot of snow outside.
vindurwindVIN-durVindurinn er sterkur.The wind is strong.
fjallmountainFYATLFjallið er hátt.The mountain is tall.
hafseaHAHVHafið er blátt.The sea is blue.
eldfjallvolcanoEHLD-fyatlEldfjallið er virkt.The volcano is active.
jökullglacierYUH-kutlJökullinn er stór.The glacier is big.
himinnskyHI-minHiminninn er heiðskír.The sky is clear.

Animals

IcelandicEnglishSay itExample
hundurdogHUN-durHundurinn minn er vinalegur.My dog is friendly.
kötturcatKUHT-turKötturinn sefur allan daginn.The cat sleeps all day.
hesturhorseHES-turHesturinn hleypur hratt.The horse runs fast.
fuglbirdFUGLFuglinn syngur á morgnana.The bird sings in the mornings.
sauðursheepSOY-thurÞað eru margir sauðir á Íslandi.There are many sheep in Iceland.
kýrcowKEERKýrin gefur mjólk.The cow gives milk.
björnbearBYUHRNBjörninn er stór og sterkur.The bear is big and strong.
refurfoxREH-vurRefurinn er slægur.The fox is cunning.

Study tips for Icelandic

  • Stress almost always falls on the first syllable of a word, which makes pronunciation more predictable than in many languages.
  • Learn the letters þ (like th in think) and ð (like th in this) early, since they appear in many common words.
  • Icelandic nouns have three genders and four cases, so expect a word's ending to change depending on its role in the sentence.
  • Numbers one to four change form to match the gender of the noun they count, so learn all forms of einn (one) early.
  • Compound words are common in Icelandic, so learning smaller word parts helps you guess the meaning of longer words.

Frequently asked questions

How do you say hello in Icelandic?

The most common greeting is halló, and góðan daginn (good day) is a slightly more formal option.

Is Icelandic difficult for English speakers to learn?

Icelandic has complex grammar with four cases and three genders, but its pronunciation is fairly regular once you learn the alphabet, including the letters þ and ð.

What are the most useful Icelandic words for beginners?

Basic greetings, numbers, question words, and common verbs like vera (to be) and fara (to go) give beginners the most practical value early on.