Turkish vocabulary

Turkish vocabulary: 101 essential words for beginners

This page brings together just over 100 essential Turkish words and phrases, grouped by everyday topics such as greetings, numbers, colors, family, food, common verbs and travel. Each entry gives the Turkish term, an English translation, a simple pronunciation guide and a natural example sentence, so beginners can start reading, saying and recognizing real Turkish vocabulary quickly.

Greetings and polite phrases

TurkishEnglishSay itExample
merhabahelloMEHR-hah-bahMerhaba, nasılsın?Hello, how are you?
güle gülegoodbye (said to the one leaving)gew-LEH gew-LEHGüle güle, görüşürüz.Goodbye, see you soon.
teşekkür ederimthank youteh-shek-KEWR eh-deh-rimTeşekkür ederim, çok naziksiniz.Thank you, you are very kind.
özür dilerimsorryUH-zewr dee-leh-rimÖzür dilerim, geç kaldım.Sorry, I'm late.
lütfenpleaseLEWT-fenLütfen bana yardım edin.Please help me.
evetyeseh-VETEvet, anladım.Yes, I understand.
hayırnoHAH-yuhrHayır, teşekkürler.No, thank you.
günaydıngood morninggew-NIGH-duhnGünaydın, nasıl uyudun?Good morning, how did you sleep?
iyi gecelergood nightee-YEE geh-jeh-lerİyi geceler, tatlı rüyalar.Good night, sweet dreams.
memnun oldumnice to meet youmem-NOON ol-dumMemnun oldum, ben Ayşe.Nice to meet you, I'm Ayşe.

Numbers

TurkishEnglishSay itExample
bironeBEERBir elmam var.I have one apple.
ikitwoee-KEEİki kardeşim var.I have two siblings.
üçthreeEWCHÜç dakika bekledik.We waited three minutes.
dörtfourDUHRTBu masada dört sandalye var.This table has four chairs.
beşfiveBESHSaat beş oldu.It's five o'clock.
altısixal-TUHAltıda kalkıyorum.I wake up at six.
yedisevenyeh-DEEDers yedide başlıyor.Class starts at seven.
sekizeightseh-KEEZDükkan sekizde kapanıyor.The shop closes at eight.
dokuzninedoh-KOOZSaat dokuzda yatıyorum.I go to bed at nine.
ontenONOn parmağım var.I have ten fingers.
yirmitwentyyeer-MEEO yirmi yaşında.She is twenty years old.
yüzone hundredYEWZBu kitapta yüz sayfa var.This book has one hundred pages.

Colors

TurkishEnglishSay itExample
kırmızıredkuhr-muh-ZUHAraba kırmızı.The car is red.
mavibluemah-VEEGökyüzü mavi.The sky is blue.
yeşilgreenyeh-SHEELYapraklar yeşil.The leaves are green.
sarıyellowsah-RUHGüneş sarı.The sun is yellow.
beyazwhitebeh-YAHZGömleğim beyaz.My shirt is white.
siyahblacksee-YAHKedi siyah.The cat is black.
morpurpleMORO moru sever.She likes purple.
pembepinkpem-BEHÇiçek pembe.The flower is pink.
turuncuorangetoo-roon-JOOPortakal turuncu.The orange is orange-colored.
kahverengibrownkah-veh-ren-GEEMasa kahverengi.The table is brown.

Family

TurkishEnglishSay itExample
ailefamilyeye-LEHAilem dört kişi.My family has four people.
babafatherbah-BAHBabam doktor.My father is a doctor.
annemotheran-NEHAnnem çok iyi yemek yapar.My mother cooks very well.
abiolder brotherah-BEEAbim üniversitede okuyor.My older brother studies at university.
kız kardeşsisterKUHZ kar-deshKız kardeşim küçük.My sister is little.
çocukchildchoh-JOOKOnların iki çocuğu var.They have two children.
dedegrandfatherdeh-DEHDedem çok sağlıklı.My grandfather is very healthy.
anneannegrandmother (mother's side)an-neh-an-NEHAnneannem güzel hikayeler anlatır.My grandmother tells nice stories.
eşspouseESHEşi öğretmen.His spouse is a teacher.
kardeşsiblingkar-DESHİki kardeşim var.I have two siblings.

Food and drink

TurkishEnglishSay itExample
ekmekbreadek-MEKHer gün ekmek yerim.I eat bread every day.
suwaterSOOBir bardak su alabilir miyim?Can I have a glass of water?
çayteaCHAITürkler çok çay içer.Turks drink a lot of tea.
kahvecoffeekah-VEHTürk kahvesi çok koyu.Turkish coffee is very strong.
peynircheesepay-NEERKahvaltıda peynir yerim.I eat cheese for breakfast.
etmeatETO et yemez.He doesn't eat meat.
balıkfishbah-LUHKAkşam yemeğinde balık yeriz.We eat fish for dinner.
sebzevegetableSEB-zehBol sebze yerim.I eat a lot of vegetables.
meyvefruitmay-VEHMeyve sağlık için iyidir.Fruit is good for health.
açhungryAACHÇok açım.I am very hungry.
lezzetlideliciouslez-ZET-leeBu yemek çok lezzetli.This food is very delicious.

Time and days

TurkishEnglishSay itExample
bugüntodayboo-GEWNBugün hava güzel.Today the weather is nice.
yarıntomorrowyah-RUHNYarın işe gideceğim.Tomorrow I will go to work.
dünyesterdayDEWNDün çok meşguldüm.Yesterday I was very busy.
şimdinowSHEEM-deeSaat şimdi kaç?What time is it now?
pazartesiMondaypah-zar-teh-SEEPazartesi okula gidiyorum.On Monday I go to school.
pazarSundaypah-ZARPazar günü ailem dinlenir.On Sunday my family rests.
sabahmorningsah-BAHSabah spor yaparım.I exercise in the morning.
akşameveningak-SHAHMAkşam yemeği yeriz.We eat dinner in the evening.
haftaweekhaf-TAHBir haftada yedi gün var.A week has seven days.
aymonthAIBu ay çok yoğun.This month is very busy.

Common verbs

TurkishEnglishSay itExample
gitmekto gogeet-MEKHer gün okula giderim.I go to school every day.
yemekto eatyeh-MEKHadi yemek yiyelim.Let's eat.
içmekto drinkeech-MEKNe içmek istersin?What do you want to drink?
uyumakto sleepoo-yoo-MAKSaat onda uyurum.I sleep at ten o'clock.
öğrenmekto learnuh-ren-MEKTürkçe öğreniyorum.I am learning Turkish.
çalışmakto workchah-luhsh-MAKBabam şehirde çalışıyor.My father works in the city.
konuşmakto speakkoh-noosh-MAKİngilizce konuşuyor musun?Do you speak English?
görmekto seegur-MEKSeni görmek istiyorum.I want to see you.
almakto buy, takeal-MAKYeni bir gömlek almak istiyorum.I want to buy a new shirt.
sevmekto like, lovesev-MEKMüziği seviyorum.I like music.

Adjectives

TurkishEnglishSay itExample
güzelbeautifulgew-ZELO çok güzel.She is very beautiful.
kötübadkuh-TEWBugün hava kötü.The weather is bad today.
büyükbigbew-YEWKFil çok büyük.The elephant is very big.
küçüksmallkew-CHEWKBu kedi çok küçük.This cat is very small.
hızlıfasthuhz-LUHO çok hızlı koşuyor.He runs very fast.
yavaşslowyah-VASHOtobüs çok yavaş gidiyor.The bus goes very slowly.
yeninewyeh-NEEYeni bir arabam var.I have a new car.
eskiold (for things)es-KEEBu ev çok eski.This house is very old.
mutluhappymoot-LOOBugün çok mutluyum.Today I am very happy.
üzgünsadewz-GEWNO çok üzgün görünüyor.She looks very sad.

Question words

TurkishEnglishSay itExample
newhatNEHAdın ne?What is your name?
kimwhoKEEMBu kim?Who is this?
neredewhereneh-reh-DEHTuvalet nerede?Where is the bathroom?
ne zamanwhenneh zah-MANNe zaman geliyorsun?When are you coming?
nedenwhyneh-DENNeden üzgünsün?Why are you sad?
nasılhownah-SUHLBu nasıl yenir?How do you eat this?
kaçhow much, how manyKACHBu kaç lira?How much is this?
hangiwhichhan-GEEHangisini seviyorsun?Which one do you like?

Travel and directions

TurkishEnglishSay itExample
havaalanıairporthah-vah-ah-lah-NUHHavaalanı şehir merkezinden uzak.The airport is far from the city center.
otelhoteloh-TELDenize yakın bir otelde kalıyoruz.We are staying at a hotel near the sea.
tren istasyonutrain stationtren ees-tas-yo-NOOTren istasyonu buraya yakın.The train station is near here.
solleftSOLKavşakta sola dön.Turn left at the intersection.
sağrightSAHDüz git, sonra sağa dön.Go straight, then turn right.
düzstraightDEWZBeş dakika düz git.Go straight for five minutes.
uzakfaroo-ZAKPazar evime çok uzak.The market is very far from my house.
yakınnearyah-KUHNOkul evime yakın.The school is near my house.
biletticketbee-LETTren bileti almam lazım.I need to buy a train ticket.
pasaportpassportpah-sah-PORTPasaportunu unutma.Don't forget your passport.

Study tips for Turkish

  • Turkish uses vowel harmony, so suffixes change their vowels to match the last vowel in a word, which makes endings feel predictable once you notice the pattern.
  • Stress usually falls on the last syllable of a word in Turkish, which is a good default rule when you are unsure how to pronounce a new term.
  • Turkish has no grammatical gender, so words like o (he, she, it) don't change based on the person's gender, which simplifies vocabulary building.
  • Learn the Turkish letters that don't exist in English, such as ı, ğ, ş and ç, since they change pronunciation and meaning significantly.
  • Practice greetings first, since Turkish has different polite forms depending on formality, and getting these right makes a strong first impression.

Frequently asked questions

How do you say hello in Turkish?

Hello in Turkish is merhaba, a friendly greeting used at any time of day with people you know well or have just met.

Is Turkish grammar difficult for beginners?

Turkish grammar is regular and logical once you learn vowel harmony and suffix patterns, though its subject-object-verb sentence order differs from English and takes practice.

What are the most useful Turkish words to learn first?

Beginners benefit most from greetings, numbers, question words like ne (what) and nerede (where), and common verbs such as gitmek (to go) and yemek (to eat), all covered on this page.